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Dr. El-Erian, you've held advisory positions at several major international institutions. How do you assess the current economic situation in the Arab region compared to previous years?

The Arab economic situation is undergoing critical transformations, especially following intensified global pressures and geopolitical volatility. What's concerning is that several Arab countries remain heavily dependent on singular natural resources. However, there are tangible positive signs: Gulf states are achieving qualitative breakthroughs in diversification programs, and the private sector is playing an increasingly dynamic role. The challenge is that steps haven't been quick or bold enough in some cases.

You observe the experiences of countries like the UAE and Saudi Arabia in diversifying their economies. What did these countries succeed at and where are the gaps?

The UAE and Saudi Arabia have demonstrated genuine political will for diversification, particularly through their vision programs. Success lies in attracting foreign investment and developing new sectors like tourism, technology, and renewable energy. However, gaps persist: reliance on top-level government decisions undermines flexibility, the labor market needs more elasticity, and education still hasn't adequately matched market needs. Most importantly, long-term sustainability requires a shift in economic culture, not just ambitious projects.

Inflation and financial stagnation threaten stability. How can Arab countries withstand these challenges?

This question leads us to a harsh reality: there are no quick or easy solutions. Arab countries need well-thought-out monetary policies that balance inflation control and avoid recession. Governments must gradually reduce their support for goods and services responsibly, while ensuring social protection for vulnerable groups. Investment in digital and knowledge infrastructure is the best fortress against global economic volatility.