Networks

Mohammed bin Salman operates under his father's guidance in major governmental matters and strategic decisions

United by shared Gulf interests and close military cooperation, with regular consultations on regional developments and Iranian threats

Historic relations with deep fraternal bonds, collaborating on security threats and regional stability

Historic alliance but with questions about Saudi diversification of defense partnerships and US concerns over alternatives

Mohammed bin Salman signed a historic strategic defense agreement with Pakistan in September 2025, diversifying Saudi defense alliances

Critical military and economic support, High Dam financing, Egyptian army armament with hundreds of thousands of soldiers and advisors.

Sharp opposition to his nationalist project, withdrew High Dam funding, supported monarchist and conservative Arab opponents.

Invaded Egypt in 1956 with France and Israel to oppose Suez Canal nationalization and Soviet alliance.

Initial alliance followed by bitter confrontation; disagreement over Islamic law implementation, dismantled organization and imprisoned leadership in 1954.

Political struggle over Arab leadership, Hussein accused Nasser of supporting coup attempts against him.

Historic deep relationship based on security and energy, with some tensions over foreign policy

Saudi Arabia deepens political and economic relations with China to diversify alliances

Building balanced partnerships in economic and military sectors serving mutual interests

Deep strategic cooperation at regional and Arab levels with regular leadership meetings

Rooted strategic competition over regional influence and Iraq, Syria, Yemen files

Founded by Iran in 1982 to serve as its foremost military proxy in the Middle East.

Iran supports Houthis with weapons and training since the 1980s to open a southern front.

Popular Mobilization Forces and Iraqi Hezbollah Brigades receive direct Iranian support.

Quds Force leads all Iranian military operations abroad with approximately 15,000 operatives.

Groups like Imam Baqi Brigade backed by Iran to maintain Syrian regime presence.